Workplace safety is essential for protecting workers and maintaining productivity in Canadian industries. However, occupational health and safety (OHS) violations remain a persistent challenge, putting workers at risk of serious injuries and even fatalities.
In 2023-24, 604,000 workers in Canada reported non-fatal workplace injuries, an increase from 561,000 in 2022-23.
These violations endanger employees, leading to financial and reputational consequences for employers, including hefty fines and legal penalties.
Some of the most common occupational safety violations involve inadequate hazard communication, lack of protective equipment, and failure to implement proper safety procedures.
Such oversights are due to insufficient training or a lack of awareness among workers and supervisors.
Addressing these gaps is critical to establishing a safety culture and ensuring compliance with provincial and federal regulations like those outlined by the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS).
Investing in workplace safety training is one of the most effective ways to reduce these violations.
Comprehensive programs equip employees with the knowledge and skills to identify hazards, follow safety protocols, and respond effectively in emergencies.
For employers, this proactive approach minimizes risks and boosts morale and productivity by showing a commitment to worker well-being.
Whether you're an employer or an employee, prioritizing safety is everyone's responsibility. Explore training opportunities and resources to create a safer workplace today.
List of Common Occupational Health and Safety Violations

Occupational health and safety violations are a pressing concern across various industries in Canada.
These violations not only jeopardize worker well-being but also increase the chance of workplace injuries, fatalities, and legal penalties for employers.
Addressing these issues requires a thorough understanding of common violations and proactive measures to prevent them.
By recognizing these violations, workplaces can take targeted actions to create safer environments and a compliance culture.
1. Fall Protection
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Falls are one of the leading causes of workplace fatalities and injuries in Canada, particularly in industries like construction, manufacturing, and maintenance.
Despite the known risks, inadequate fall protection remains an everyday occupational health and safety violation. Due to insufficient safety measures, workers at heights often face significant hazards.
One primary reason for this violation is a lack of understanding of regulatory requirements.
Employers may fail to provide adequate fall protection systems, such as guardrails, harnesses, or safety nets, due to cost concerns or ignorance about compliance standards set by the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS).
Insufficient training also plays a critical role, as workers not trained in properly using and inspecting fall protection equipment are more likely to face risks.
Additionally, outdated or poorly maintained equipment can increase the chance of accidents.
According to the Centre for Construction Research and Training, falls account for approximately 54% of all workplace fatalities in construction settings, making this a priority area for improvement.
Employers are legally obligated to implement fall protection measures for any work conducted at heights exceeding three meters.
To address this issue, workplaces should ensure that employees are equipped with proper safety gear, receive comprehensive training, and regularly inspect fall protection equipment.
Fall protection training can help deal with this safety violation as it covers the most critical points, including:
- Fall protection safety tips for the workplace
- Fall protection anchor point guide
- Fall protection plan
- Calculating fall distance
- Essential components of an effective fall arrest system
- Fall protection mistakes to avoid
2. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is the first line of defense against workplace hazards, yet its improper use or absence remains a widespread safety violation.
Whether it's gloves, helmets, goggles, or respiratory masks, PPE is essential for safeguarding workers from physical, chemical, and biological risks.
A common cause of PPE violations is the lack of awareness about its importance or regulations. Employers may fail to provide the necessary equipment, citing cost constraints or underestimating workplace hazards.
On the other hand, employees may neglect using PPE due to discomfort, lack of training, or perceived inconvenience. These oversights often lead to injuries that could have been easily prevented.
Data from WorkSafeBC highlights the severity of this issue, linking inadequate PPE to nearly 30% of workplace injuries in Canada.
For example, workers exposed to hazardous chemicals without proper respiratory protection risk developing long-term health issues, while those in construction settings without hard hats face severe injury risks from falling objects.
Canadian regulations, such as those outlined by the CCOHS, mandate that employers assess workplace hazards and provide appropriate PPE to all employees. Workers must also be trained in its correct usage, storage, and maintenance.
Improving compliance with PPE standards involves a multi-faceted approach: conducting regular hazard assessments, providing high-quality safety gear, and reinforcing the importance of PPE through ongoing education and training.
PPE training can help the employees assess and effectively use the PPE equipment. It covers various topics, including:
- PPE for hazardous chemicals
- PPE for the oil and gas industry
- Examples of PPE for various dangerous goods classes
By prioritizing PPE compliance, workplaces can drastically reduce injuries and ensure a safer working environment for all employees.
3. Scaffolding

Improper construction, maintenance, or scaffolding inspection can create significant worker hazards.
Scaffolding is an essential structure in construction and maintenance jobs, providing temporary support for workers to carry out tasks at heights.
However, when scaffolds are improperly erected or maintained, they pose substantial risks, including falls, structural collapses, and equipment-related injuries.
Non-compliance with safety standards is the primary cause of scaffolding-related violations. For instance, scaffolds might be assembled without considering weight limits, proper stabilization, or secure access points.
Another contributing factor is the lack of proper inspection, as scaffolding can degrade over time due to weather conditions, improper use, or structural damage.
Failure to perform regular checks on scaffolding systems can lead to unnoticed hazards, such as loose parts or weak points that can give way under pressure.
Additionally, poor training and inadequate supervision during scaffolding setup are major contributors to violations. Workers may not receive proper instruction on assembling scaffolds, leading to improper construction.
In some cases, supervisors may overlook critical safety protocols or fail to ensure that all workers follow established guidelines for using scaffolds safely.
Statistics from the Ontario Ministry of Labour indicate that scaffolding-related accidents account for approximately 4,500 injuries annually in Canada, underlining the importance of proper safety.
To prevent these accidents, employers must ensure that scaffolds are built and maintained in compliance with national safety standards, such as those set by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA).
Workers must undergo specialized training on scaffold assembly, safe use, and inspection. Additionally, frequent safety audits and regular maintenance checks can mitigate the risks associated with scaffolding.
4. Lockout/Tagout Procedures
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Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) procedures are designed to protect workers from the dangers of hazardous energy sources while performing maintenance or repair work on machinery and equipment.
If these procedures are not correctly implemented, workers can be exposed to dangerous electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, or thermal energy, leading to serious injuries or fatalities.
The most common reason for LOTO violations is a lack of awareness or training. Workers not adequately trained in hazardous energy control procedures may unknowingly operate machinery in a hazardous state.
Lockout Tagout training can help workers deal with common energy-containment issues. Some of the main topics covered are listed as follows:
- Electrical safety tips in the workplace
- Tips for contractors applying the LOTO procedure
- Lockout/tagout challenges
In some cases, employees may be rushed to complete tasks and overlook the need to follow the proper lockout procedures. This can occur in high-pressure environments where productivity is prioritized over safety.
Another reason for this violation is employers' inadequate enforcement of LOTO protocols. Companies may have lockout/tagout procedures but fail to ensure that workers consistently follow them.
Insufficient supervision or a lack of checks and balances during the maintenance process can contribute to lapses in procedure compliance.
According to the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS), approximately 10% of workplace injuries are related to improper lockout/tagout practices, making this a significant concern for worker safety.
These injuries often involve electrocution, crushing, or amputations, which can be devastating for the affected workers.
Employers must establish a comprehensive lockout/tagout program that complies with industry regulations and safety standards to reduce the risks associated with LOTO violations.
Workers should receive thorough training in the proper procedures for locking out equipment and be made aware of the potential dangers of not following these protocols.
Regular audits and safety inspections can ensure that lockout/tagout procedures are consistently followed, significantly reducing the chance of workplace accidents.
5. Machine Guarding

Inadequate machine guarding is one of the most common safety violations in workplaces that rely on heavy machinery. If not properly guarded, machinery in manufacturing, construction, or other industries can present significant dangers to workers.
Moving parts, such as belts, gears, or blades, can cause serious machinery-related accidents, including amputations, fractures, or even fatalities if a worker comes into contact with them.
One primary reason for this violation is poor maintenance practices. Over time, machine guards may become damaged or dislodged, reducing their effectiveness in preventing worker injuries.
In some cases, employers may neglect regular inspections or maintenance of safety guards, which can compromise their functionality.
Additionally, workers may remove or bypass safety guards to speed up their work, unaware of the risks they expose themselves to.
Another reason for inadequate machine guarding is the lack of proper safeguarding systems. Some employers may overlook or fail to install the necessary physical barriers or devices that prevent workers from getting too close to dangerous machine parts.
This could be due to insufficient knowledge of safety regulations or a lack of investment in appropriate safety equipment.
According to Statistique Canada, machine-related injuries account for approximately 32% of all workplace injuries in Canada. These injuries can result in long-term health issues for workers and, in some cases, can be fatal.
To prevent these accidents, employers must ensure that all machines have the necessary guarding systems that meet regulatory standards.
Workers should also be properly trained to understand the importance of machine guarding and the risks associated with neglecting safety measures.
Regular inspections, maintenance, and safety features like emergency stop buttons or light curtains can further enhance worker protection.
6. Hazard Communication
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Inadequate hazard communication in the workplace can lead to severe health risks for workers, especially in industries where chemicals or other hazardous materials are used.
Employees may unknowingly expose themselves to toxic fumes, corrosive liquids, or flammable materials without communicating about dangerous substances. This can result in injuries, illnesses, or even fatalities.
The main reason for this violation is the absence of essential documentation and labeling. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) provide crucial information about chemicals' properties, safe handling instructions, and emergency measures.
If these sheets are missing or incomplete, workers may not have the necessary information to handle substances safely.
Similarly, insufficient signage or labeling of hazardous materials can leave workers unaware of the dangers they face in their immediate environment.
Another common cause of hazard communication violations is inadequate hazard recognition training. Workers who are not properly trained to recognize the hazards associated with chemicals or other materials may inadvertently engage in unsafe practices.
For example, they might fail to wear the required personal protective equipment (PPE) or improperly store dangerous substances. Furthermore, workers who are not educated on interpreting SDS or hazard signs may overlook crucial safety precautions.
According to the Chemical Institute of Canada, approximately 30% of chemical-related incidents stem from inadequate hazard communication protocols.
These incidents can lead to long-term health issues, such as respiratory diseases, skin burns, or poisoning, and are often preventable through clear communication.
Employers must ensure that all chemicals and hazardous materials are properly labeled and that safety data sheets are readily accessible to ensure proper hazard communication.
Workers should receive comprehensive training on recognizing and responding to chemical hazards and understanding labeling systems such as the Globally Harmonized System (GHS).
Employers can significantly reduce the risk of workplace chemical-related incidents by promoting a safety culture and providing the necessary resources.
7. Respiratory Protection
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Insufficient provision and training on respiratory protective equipment (RPE) can lead to significant health issues for workers exposed to airborne hazards, such as dust, fumes, vapors, and gases.
In industries like construction, mining, manufacturing, and healthcare, workers are often exposed to these harmful substances, which, if not adequately controlled, can result in long-term respiratory problems, including asthma, lung diseases, and even cancer.
A common reason for respiratory protection violations is a lack of awareness about the risks of airborne contaminants.
Many workers may not realize the dangers of inhaling hazardous substances, mainly when hazards such as dust particles or toxic gases are not immediately visible.
Inadequate air quality monitoring or improper ventilation systems can also contribute to this issue, making it more difficult for workers to identify when respiratory protection is needed.
Another contributing factor is the lack of a comprehensive respiratory protection program. Workers may be exposed to risks without clear procedures for selecting, maintaining, and using respiratory protection equipment.
Some employers fail to provide proper respirators or ensure workers use the correct type for the specific hazard.
Furthermore, workers may not receive proper training on when and how to use respiratory protection or maintain the equipment to ensure its effectiveness.
According to CCOHS, respiratory issues account for about 10% of occupational diseases reported annually in Canada. These health problems can have long-term, debilitating effects on workers, affecting their quality of life and productivity.
Employers must ensure that workers are educated about the potential airborne hazards in their work environments and are provided with the necessary respiratory protection equipment.
Regular training on properly using, fitting, and maintaining respirators can help reduce the risk of respiratory diseases. Additionally, implementing engineering controls, such as proper ventilation, can further protect workers from harmful airborne exposures.
8. Ladder Safety

Improper use or maintenance of ladders is a frequent cause of workplace accidents, mainly falls, which can lead to serious injuries or fatalities.
Ladders are commonly used in various workplaces, including construction sites, warehouses, and retail environments, making them essential tools for workers. However, they pose a significant risk when not used or maintained correctly.
One of the primary reasons for ladder safety violations is complacency. Workers may feel comfortable using a ladder without following proper safety protocols, such as checking it for defects or ensuring it's positioned on a stable surface.
This can result in falls due to an unstable ladder, improper use (e.g., using it as a makeshift scaffold), or climbing too high without securing it properly.
Another contributing factor is the lack of adequate ladder safety training. In some cases, workers may not be aware of the correct ladder selection for specific tasks or the proper techniques for using ladders.
For instance, workers may choose a ladder that is too short for the job, resulting in stretching or overbalancing, which increases the risk of falls.
Also, improper ladder maintenance, such as not inspecting it for damage or failing to clean debris from the rungs, can lead to accidents.
According to the City of Toronto's official website, ladder-related accidents account for approximately 20% of workplace fall-related injuries.
These accidents can lead to severe injuries such as broken bones, head trauma, or spinal cord injuries. In many cases, ladder-related falls can be prevented through proper training, equipment selection, and maintenance.
Employers should provide workers with proper ladder training to reduce ladder-related accidents. This training should ensure that workers understand how to choose the right ladder for each task, inspect it before use, and follow safe climbing techniques.
Additionally, maintaining and replacing ladders that show signs of wear and tear is essential in ensuring their safety. By developing a culture of ladder safety, employers can significantly reduce the risk of falls and injuries in the workplace.
9. Forklift Safety

Forklifts are essential tools in many industries, especially in warehouses and industrial settings, but they can also pose significant risks if safety standards are not followed.
Violations related to forklift safety can create hazardous working conditions, leading to accidents that often result in serious injuries or fatalities.
Forklifts are involved in approximately 10% of workplace fatalities and 5% of serious workplace injuries annually in Canada. This translates to roughly one fatality and 400 serious injuries each year (source: Association of Workers' Compensation Boards of Canada).
A common reason for forklift safety violations is exceeding safe speeds. Forklifts are often operated in busy, tight spaces, and when operators drive too fast, they increase the risk of losing control, colliding with objects, or hitting pedestrians.
Another violation involves improperly loaded forklifts. Overloading or unevenly distributing loads can cause forklifts to tip over, putting the operator and others nearby in danger.
Additionally, not securing loads properly can lead to items falling off the forklift, causing injuries.
Lack of proper training for forklift operators is another significant contributor to safety violations.
Without adequate instruction, operators may fail to understand safe operating procedures, such as checking the condition of the forklift before use, adhering to load limits, and operating the vehicle safely in different work environments.
Workplace design issues also influence forklift accidents. Narrow aisles, poor lighting, and inadequate visibility around corners can make it more difficult for operators to maneuver safely.
To prevent forklift-related accidents, employers must provide thorough training for all operators and ensure they are regularly updated on safety protocols. Proper maintenance of forklifts is also crucial to ensure they are in good working order.
Additionally, improving workplace design, such as widening aisles and ensuring good lighting, can help reduce the risk of forklift accidents.
10. Training Violations

One of the most significant contributors to occupational health and safety violations is the failure to provide proper safety training for employees.
Workers not properly trained on safety standards and equipment use are likelier to make mistakes or overlook hazards, leading to accidents.
Training violations can occur for various reasons, including budget constraints, lack of time, or management oversight.
Some employers may fail to recognize the importance of continuous, up-to-date training, while others may prioritize immediate productivity over long-term safety.
The risks associated with inadequate training are exceptionally high in industries that involve complex machinery, hazardous materials, or dangerous work conditions.
Without proper training, employees may not fully understand the risks they face or how to mitigate them.
For example, employees working with heavy machinery may not be aware of the proper procedures for machine maintenance or operating in confined spaces.
Likewise, workers exposed to chemicals or biological hazards may not know how to handle those materials safely, leading to harmful exposures or accidents.
Studies have shown that organizations with established training programs significantly reduce workplace incidents.
Organizations that invest in comprehensive safety training programs can reduce workplace incidents by as much as 50%. This highlights the importance of proper training in preventing workplace injuries and ensuring the overall safety of workers.
To prevent training violations, employers should prioritize safety training programs and ensure they are tailored to the specific risks of the workplace.
Regular training sessions, refresher courses, and on-the-job instruction can help employees stay aware of potential hazards and ensure they have the necessary skills to mitigate risks.
Building a safety culture, where training is seen as an ongoing and essential part of the job, can significantly enhance workplace safety.
FAQs
How can safety hazards in the workplace be prevented?
To prevent safety hazards, employers should:
- Provide comprehensive safety training
- Ensure proper use of protective equipment
- Maintain equipment regularly
- Promote a safety-first culture
Conducting routine hazard assessments and encouraging employee involvement also helps reduce risks.
What is the most significant OSHA violation?
The most significant OSHA violation typically involves fall protection, particularly in construction. Failing to provide proper fall protection for workers at heights remains one of the most cited violations due to its high risk of causing fatal injuries.
What are the common causes of safety violations?
Common causes of safety violations include
- Inadequate training
- Poor communication
- Lack of proper equipment
- Insufficient safety procedures
- Non-compliance with safety regulations
These often result from negligence, lack of awareness, or management oversight.
Conclusion
Addressing common occupational safety violations is essential for enhancing workplace safety across Canada.
Violations such as inadequate fall protection, improper machine guarding, and insufficient training can lead to severe injuries or fatalities, affecting employees' and organizations' productivity and reputation.
By recognizing and rectifying these common hazards, employers can create a safer environment that reduces risks, improves worker morale, and ensures compliance with national safety standards.
Ongoing safety training programs are essential in preventing these violations. Regularly updating employees on safety protocols, proper equipment use, and emergency response procedures helps reinforce safety as a priority in the workplace.
Safety training provides workers the knowledge to identify hazards, make informed decisions, and proactively avoid accidents. This not only protects employees but also minimizes the financial and legal consequences of workplace injuries.
Investing in robust safety training and awareness programs ensures that all team members are well-prepared to work safely, ultimately contributing to a healthier, more productive workforce.